Marion County, Texas
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 10,941. Its county seat is Jefferson[1]. Marion County is in East Texas and is named for Francis Marion, the Revolutionary War general who was nicknamed the "Swamp Fox".
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Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 420 square miles (1,089 km²), of which, 381 square miles (987 km²) of it is land and 39 square miles (102 km²) of it (9.31%) is water.
Major Highways
Adjacent counties
- Cass County (north)
- Caddo Parish, Louisiana (east)
- Harrison County (south)
- Upshur County (west)
- Morris County (northwest)
Demographics
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 10,941 people, 4,610 households, and 3,120 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 people per square mile (11/km²). There were 6,384 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 72.74% White, 23.91% Black or African American, 0.80% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. 2.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 4,610 households out of which 24.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.70% were married couples living together, 11.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the county, the population was spread out with 22.30% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 23.60% from 25 to 44, 28.40% from 45 to 64, and 19.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $25,347, and the median income for a family was $32,039. Males had a median income of $30,584 versus $17,885 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,535. About 17.80% of families and 22.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.90% of those under age 18 and 14.40% of those age 65 or over.
History
Native Americans
The farming Caddoan Mississippian culture dates as far back as 200 BCE in the area.[3] The Hernando de Soto expedition of 1541 resulted in violent encounters. Spanish and French missionaries brought a smallpox, measles malaria and influenza epidemics against which the Caddo had no immunity.[4] Eventually, the Caddo were forced to reservations.
The 19th Century saw Shawnee, Delaware, and Kickapoo in the area.
County Established
The legislature formed Marion County from Cass County in 1860 and named for Revolutionary War Swamp Fox Francis Marion .[5] Jefferson, named after Thomas Jefferson became the county seat.[6]
The majority of the settlers migrated from other southern states and brought with them their slaves, who were 51 percent of the population in 1860. In 1861, the county voted unanimously for secession from the Union. The county benefitted financially from Confederate government contracts.[7]
One of the county’s most famous disasters occurred in February, 1869 when the steamboat Mittie Stephens[8] caught fire from a torch basket that ignited a hay stack on board. Sixty-one people died, either from the fire or from being caught in the boat’s paddlewheel as they jumped overboard.
On October 4, 1869, George Washington Smith, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, was murdered by a band of vigilantes while incarcerated in Jefferson.[9] Smith's slaying led to occupation of Jefferson by military troops who offered protection for the black majority.
Republican presidential races benefited from the black majority in the county. In 1898, the White Primary went into effect and disfranchised the black vote.[10]
The Marion County brick courthouse was erected in 1914, architect Elmer George Withers.[11] Outside the building Confederate veterans erected a monument to honor the county’s dead in the American Civil War. [12]
Caddo Lake State Park[13] was first proposed in 1924. 1933-1937 the Civilian Conservation Corps made improvements to the park. The Army barracks and mess hall were converted to log cabins and a recreation hall for park goers.
Communities
City
Other place
Transportation
The TTC-69 component (recommended preferred) of the planned Trans-Texas Corridor goes through Marion County [14].
References
- ^ . National Association of Counties. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Texas Beyond History Caddo Timeline
- ^ Oklahoma Caddo History
- ^ Texas Historical Markers, Marion County
- ^ Marion County Tx Gen Web Project History
- ^ Handbook of Texas, Marion County
- ^ Texas Escapes, The Mittle Stephens Disaster
- ^ Handbook of Texas, Stockade Case
- ^ Handbook of Texas, White Primary
- ^ Texas Escapes, Marion County Courthouse
- ^ Texas Confederate Veterans, Jefferson Civil War Monument
- ^ TPWD Caddo Lake
- ^ TxDoT, TTC Section F, Detailed Maps 1 & 2, 2007-12-28
External links
- Marion County government website
- Marion County from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Inventory of the county archives of Texas : Marion County, no. 158, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
| Morris County | Cass County | |||
| Upshur County | Caddo Parish, Louisiana | |||
| Marion County, Texas | ||||
| Harrison County |
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Coordinates: 32°48′N 94°22′W / 32.80°N 94.36°W
Categories: Texas counties | Marion County, Texas k();