Llano County, Texas
Llano County (pronounced /ˈlænoʊ/) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 17,044. Its county seat is Llano,[1] and the county is named for the Llano River.
In the 1870s, a pioneer community known as Baby Head existed in Llano County. A small child was killed by Native Americans, and her remains were left on a hill called Baby Head Mountain. Hence Jodie May McKneely (died January 1, 1884) originated the Baby Head Cemetery. The community no longer exists.[2]
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History Timeline
- 1519-1685 Hernando Cortez and
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda claim Texas for Spain.
- 1690-1821 Spanish missions and settlements flourish in Texas.
- 1700’s Warring Comanches migrate into area and claim it as their territory. Tonkawa invite Spainards to establish missions to help contain Comanche problem.
- 1821 Mexico claims its independence from Spain. Anglos from the north settle in Texas and claim Mexican citizenship.
- 1829, September 15 - Mexican President Vicente Ramon Guerrero, himself an ex-slave of Spanish, African and Native American descent, emancipates all slaves within the Republic of Mexico:[5][6]
1st - Slavery is abolished in the republic.
- 2nd - Consequently, those who have been until now considered slaves are free.
- 3rd - When the circumstances of the treasury may permit, the owners of the slaves will be indemnified in the mode that the laws may provide. And in order that every part of this decree may be fully complied with, let it be printed, published, and circulated.
- Given at the Federal Palace of Mexico, the 15th of September, 1829.
- Vicente Guerrero To José María Bocanegra
- 1836
- March 2 - Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico establishes the Republic of Texas.
- March 6 - The Alamo falls.
- April 21•22 - Battle of San Jacinto, Antonio López de Santa Anna captured.
- May 14 - Santa Anna signs the Treaties of Velasco.
- April 21•22 - Battle of San Jacinto, Antonio López de Santa Anna captured.
- March 6 - The Alamo falls.
- 1842
- April 20 - Adelsverein [7] organized in Germany to promote emigration to Texas.
- 1844, June 26 - Henry Francis Fisher sells interest in land grant to Adelsverein
- 1845
- December 20 - Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller sell their rights in the land grant to Adelsverein.
- December 29 - Texas Annexation by the United States
- 1846, May 13 - The United States Congress officially declares war on Mexico.
- 1847
- Meusebach•Comanche Treaty [9]
- 1847 Bettina commune [10][11], last Adelsverein community in Texas, is established by a group of free thinking intellectuals, and named after German liberal Bettina Brentano von Arnim. The community fails within a year due to lack of any governing structure and conflict of authority.
- 1848, February 2 - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ends the Mexican-American War.
- 1852 Settlers at Tow and Bluffton on the Colorado River
- 1854 May 14•15, San Antonio - The Texas State Convention of Germans adopt a political, social and religious platform, including: 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4)“Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles..”; 5) Free schools • including universities - supported by the state, free of religious influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state.[12]
- 1860 Population 1,101 - 21 slaveholders, 54 slaves
- 1861
- February 1, Texas secedes from the Union
- March 2, Texas joins the Confederate States of America
- 1862 One hundred Llano County volunteers join Major John George Walker Division of the Confederate States Army.
- 1863, January 1 • The Emancipation Proclamation.[13]
- 1865
- April 9 • Robert E. Lee formally surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court House.
- April 15 • President Abraham Lincoln dies of a head wound inflicted by assassin John Wilkes Booth.
- June 19 • Major General Gordon Granger arrives in Galveston to enforce the emancipation of all slaves. It is the first time African Americans in Texas know of the Emancipation. The date becomes celebrated annually in Texas as Juneteenth, and later as an official state holiday known as Emancipation Day.[14]
- December 6 • The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits slavery.
- June 19 • Major General Gordon Granger arrives in Galveston to enforce the emancipation of all slaves. It is the first time African Americans in Texas know of the Emancipation. The date becomes celebrated annually in Texas as Juneteenth, and later as an official state holiday known as Emancipation Day.[14]
- April 15 • President Abraham Lincoln dies of a head wound inflicted by assassin John Wilkes Booth.
- 1870, March 30 - The United States Congress readmits Texas into the Union.
- 1873, August 4 - Packsaddle Mountain becomes the site of the region’s last battle with the Indians. The county’s farming economy begins to grow after threats of Indian attacks cease.
- 1892, June 7 - Llano branch of Austin and Northwestern Railroad arrives
- 1893 Completion of County Courthouse, designed by Austin architect A O Watson [15]
- 1895 Llano County Jail erected by the Pauly Jail Building and Manufacturing Company of St Louis, MO [16]
- 1897, May 27 - John O. Meusebach dies at his farm at Loyal Valley in Mason County, is buried in the Marschall Meusebach Cemetery at Cherry Spring.[17]
- 1900 Frank Teich establishes the Teich Monument Works [18]
- 1901 Llano Woman's Literary Society organized - 16 charter members
- 1900-1920 Area economy declines
- 1933-1938 Agricultural Adjustment Act pay farmers to reduce crops, buys cattle. The Lower Colorado River Authority employs hundreds of people for the construction of the Hamilton (Buchanan) Dam and Roy B. Inks Dam.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 966 square miles (2,502 km²). 2,421 km² (935 sq. mi.) of it is land and 81 km² (31 sq. mi.) of it (3.25%) is water.
Enchanted Rock, a designated state natural area and popular tourist destination, is located in southern Llano county.
Two significant rivers, the Llano River and the Colorado River, flow through Llano County. These rivers contribute to Lake Buchanan, Inks Lake, and Lake Lyndon B. Johnson, which are all located partially within the county.
Major highways
Adjacent counties
- San Saba County (north)
- Burnet County (east)
- Blanco County (southeast)
- Gillespie County (south)
- Mason County (west)
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 17,044 people, 7,879 households, and 5,365 families residing in the county. The population density was 18 people per square mile (7/km²). There were 11,829 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile (5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.27% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.77% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. 5.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 7,879 households out of which 16.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.50% were married couples living together, 5.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.90% were non-families. 28.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the county, the population was spread out with 15.90% under the age of 18, 4.50% from 18 to 24, 18.40% from 25 to 44, 30.50% from 45 to 64, and 30.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females there were 94.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,830, and the median income for a family was $40,597. Males had a median income of $30,839 versus $21,126 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,547. About 7.20% of families and 10.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 6.00% of those age 65 or over.
Cities and towns
See also
References
- ^ . National Association of Counties. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Texas Historical Commission marker, 1991, Llano County, Texas
- ^ Handbook of Texas, Llano
- ^ The Six National Flags of Texas
- ^ The Magnificent Life of Vicente Ramon Guerrero
- ^ TAMU Chieftans of Mexican Independence
- ^ Handbook of Texas, Adelsverein
- ^ Texas Almanac, The German Settlements in Central Texas
- ^ Texas Historical Marker, Meusebach-Comanche Treaty
- ^ Castell Texas, Bettina
- ^ Handbook of Texas, Gustav Scheleicher
- ^ TSHA online, Texas State Convention of Germans
- ^ Government documents, Emancipation Proclamation
- ^ Cinnamon Hearts Juneteenth
- ^ Texas Escapes, Texas Courthouses listed by Architects
- ^ Llano Main Street, Redtop Jail
- ^ Find A Grave, John O. Meusebach
- ^ Texas Nostalgiaville, Llano
External links
- Llano County government’s website
- Llano County from the Handbook of Texas Online
| San Saba County | ||||
| Mason County | Burnet County | |||
| Llano County, Texas | ||||
| Gillespie County | Blanco County |
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Coordinates: 30°43′N 98°41′W / 30.71°N 98.68°W
Categories: Texas counties | Llano County, Texas | 1856 establishments | German-American history
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